Effects of seismic shooting on local abundance and catch rates of cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)
نویسندگان
چکیده
To determine whether seismic exploration affected abundance or catch rates of cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), acoustic mapping and fishing trials with trawls and longlines were conducted in the central Barents Sea 7 days before, 5 days during, and 5 days after seismic shooting with air guns. Seismic shooting severely affected fish distribution, local abundance, and catch rates in the entire investigation area of 40 × 40 nautical miles.Trawl catches of cod and haddock and longline catches of haddock declined on average by about 50% (by mass) after shooting started, which agreed with the acoustic abundance estimates; longline catches of cod were reduced by 21%. Reductions in catch rates were observed 18 nautical miles from the seismic shooting area (3 × 10 nautical miles), but the most pronounced reduction occurred within the shooting area, where trawl catches of both species and longline catches of haddock were reduced by about 70% and the longline catches of cod by 45%; a relatively greater reduction was found (in catches and acoustic estimates) for large (>60 cm) than for small fish. Abundance and catch rates did not return to preshooting levels during the 5-day period after seismic shooting ended. Résumé : Pour dØterminer si lexploration sismique nuit à labondance de la morue (Gadus morhua) et de lØglefin (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) ainsi quau taux de capture de ces espŁces, on a procØdØ à des travaux de cartographie acoustique et à des essais de pŒche au chalut et à la palangre dans la partie centrale de la mer de Barents 7 jours avant, 5 jours durant et 5 jours aprŁs une sØrie de tirs sismiques au canon pneumatique. Les tirs ont considØrablement modifiØ la rØpartition du poisson, abaissØ sa densitØ locale et gravement rØduit le taux de capture dans lensemble de la rØgion dØtude (soit un secteur mesurant 40 milles marins de côtØ). En moyenne, les prises de morue et dØglefin au chalut et les prises dØglefin à la palangre ont diminuØ denviron 50% (en masse) aprŁs que la sØrie de tirs ait commencØ. Ces rØsultats concordent avec ceux des relevØs acoustiques dabondance. Les prises de morues à la palangre ont ØtØ rØduites de 21%. Des baisses des taux de prise ont ØtØ observØes jusquà 18 milles marins du secteur des tirs sismiques (un secteur de 3 × 10 milles marins), mais leffet le plus prononcØ a ØtØ observØ à lintØrieur de ce secteur : les prises au chalut des deux espŁces et les prises à la palangre de lØglefin ont diminuØ denviron 70%, les prises de morue à la palangre denviron 45%. La rØduction est proportionnellement plus marquØe dans le cas des poissons de grande taille (>60 cm) que celle des poissons de petite taille, tant dans les prises que dans les estimations par relevØ acoustique. Cinq jours aprŁs la fin des tirs sismiques, labondance et les taux de capture ne sØtaient pas encore rØtablis. [Traduit par la RØdaction]
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تاریخ انتشار 1997